Environmental impact of upstream processing strategies for E. coli-based antibody fragment production: A case study of green metrics versus life cycle assessment

Lück, R., Spadiut, O., Imran, F., Harasek, M., Pappas, A., Chatzipanagiotou, K., Antonaropoulos, G., Koumoulos, E., Kalogridis, S., Chadoulos, S., & Kopp, J. (2026). Environmental impact of upstream processing strategies for E. coli-based antibody fragment production: A case study of green metrics versus life cycle assessment. New Biotechnology, S1871678426001081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2026.09.003