Job openings in Program 3
Biocatalytic processes for sustainable synthesis
PhD student positions
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Description of project
The development of bioprocesses for industrial applications has been significantly advanced by omics technologies, bioinformatics, and engineering. It is widely accepted that redox-stress can be a relevant limiting factor with regards to yield and product quality. However, a global, comprehensive and systematic analysis of redox-stress with molecular resolution is lacking. The aim of this project is to extend and optimize our combined redox-proteomics and - metabolite analysis method [1] and apply it to the analysis of different hosts, products, promoter strengths and bioprocesses in collaboration with other key researchers, including Robert Kourist, Oliver Spadiut, Matthias Steiger, Wolfgang Kroutil and Florian Rudroff. Different hosts, such as E. coli, P. pastoris, cyanobacteria and archaea, will be analysed to reveal host dependent differences. Stronger promoters, methanol as inducer, oxidoreductases as biocatalytic products, and an over- or undersupply of nutrients including oxygen during fermentation are expected to increase redox-stress.
Background:
The working group has experience in redox-proteomics and -metabolite analysis [1-2].
Research Objectives
Elucidation of redox-stress mechanisms and pathways in diverse hosts
Identification of critical bioprocess parameters causing redox-stress
Methods
Establishment of redox-proteomics and -metabolite analysis of diverse hosts including E. coli, P. pastoris, cyanobacteria and archaea
Redox-proteomics and metabolite analyses
Pathway analysis, gene ontology enrichments
Product analysis by mass spectrometry
Tomin T, Schittmayer M, Sedej S, Bugger H, Gollmer J, Honeder S, Darnhofer B, Liesinger L, Zuckermann A, Rainer PP and Birner-Gruenberger R. Mass spectrometry-based redox proteome profiling of failing human hearts. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1787. doi:10.3390/ijms22041787
Tomin T, Schittmayer M, Birner-Gruenberger R. Addressing glutathione redox-status in clinical samples by two step alkylation with N-ethylmaleimide isotopologues. Metabolites. 2020, 10(2):71. doi: 10.3390/metabo10020071.
Main supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Ruth Birner-Grünberger
Co-supervisors: Univ.-Prof. Robert Kourist, Univ.-Prof. Oliver Spadiut
Location: TU Wien (Vienna)
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of project
This project focuses on redox-neutral biocatalytic transformations using alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) to efficiently synthesize chiral lactones, which are valuable building blocks for pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and polymers. By leveraging intramolecular cofactor recycling, we aim to develop asymmetric hydroacylation reactions with broad substrate scope, optimized enzyme performance, and high hydride- and atom-economy.
Background:
The biocatalytic redox transformation of carbonyl compounds can be achieved by nicotinamide-dependent ADHs. The Hall lab has pioneered an ADH-catalyzed disproportionation of aromatic dialdehydes, allowing intramolecular nicotinamide recycling and eliminating the need for stoichiometric NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H. This interconnected cascade couples oxidation and reduction to form lactones in a self-sufficient, redox-neutral manner.
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CC02509G; https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00903A
Aims:
Building on this concept, we aim to establish a stereocomplementary biocatalytic platform for the sustainable synthesis of chiral lactones, focusing on:
Expanding the substrate scope to (pro)chiral and renewable-derived substrates
Identifying and optimizing biocatalysts
Enhancing product yield and selectivity through protein and reaction engineering
Qualifications & Profile requirements:
Master’s degree in biocatalysis, organic chemistry, or a related discipline
Hands-on experience with modern methods of organic synthesis and analytical methods (e.g., synthesis under protective atmosphere, flash-column chromatography, HPLC, GC, NMR)
Interest in becoming familiar with the recombinant production and purification of enzymes
Previous experience in biocatalysis or enzyme activity assay will be an asset
Eligible as a graduate student at the University of Graz (Austria)
Proficiency in English (written and oral)
Main supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Mélanie Hall
Co-supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Regina Kratzer
Location: University of Graz (Heinrichstrasse 28, Graz, Austria)
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of project
Enzymatic nitration offers a sustainable route to nitro compounds used as building blocks for polymers, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. By replacing toxic chemical methods, this approach has the potential to transform the production of fine and commodity chemicals, driving innovation toward a cleaner bio-based industry.
Background:
The nitro group is essential in organic synthesis, frequently found in pharmaceuticals, dyes, and polymers. However, current nitration methods rely on toxic reagents and generate significant waste. Enzymatic alternatives remain largely unexplored. While heme-dependent enzymes have shown promise in oxidative nitration, their synthetic potential is untapped.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.4c00994
Aims:
This project explores heme-dependent oxidoreductases for selective oxidative nitration of renewable feedstocks. Key objectives include:
Characterizing enzyme activity on model substrates
Screening enzyme libraries for nitration of renewables
Investigating catalytic mechanisms and promiscuity
Scaling up production for high-yield synthesis
Qualifications & Profile requirements:
Master’s degree in biocatalysis, organic chemistry, or a related discipline
Hands-on experience with modern methods of organic synthesis and analytical methods (e.g., synthesis under protective atmosphere, flash-column chromatography, HPLC, GC, NMR)
Interest in becoming familiar with the recombinant production and purification of enzymes
Previous experience in biocatalysis or enzyme activity assay will be an asset
Eligible as a graduate student at the University of Graz (Austria)
Proficiency in English (written and oral)
Main supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Mélanie Hall
Co-supervisor: Asst. Prof. Stefan Hofbauer
Location: University of Graz (Heinrichstrasse 28, Graz, Austria)
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of project
Heme containing enzymes can function as highly versatile biocatalysts for a myriad of reactions. From the four heme peroxidase superfamilies known so far, the peroxidase-peroxygenase superfamily is the least studied despite the great variety of catalyzed reactions, ranging from peroxidase and halogenation activities to oxyfunctionalizations. In contrast to cytochromes P450 these oxidoreductases use hydrogen peroxide as cosubstrate and do not need an additional regeneration enzyme, which is an advantage for industrial applications and various other processes.
Within this project the underlying mechanisms of specific, biotechnologically promising reactions will be investigated. By understanding the interplay between substrates, redox-cofactor and catalytically relevant amino acid residues the foundation for specific and targeted engineering will be granted. This will be achieved by structural and functional means using state-of-the-art biochemical, biophysical and structure-solving methods on the heterologously expressed and purified protein.
Background
A heme-thiolate peroxygenase from Aspergillus niger has been expressed, purified and initially characterized in our lab. This is the perfect basis for further in-depth kinetic, biochemical and biophysical investigations of selected variants. Phylogenetic analyses revealed further promising targets to be investigated comparatively and in parallel.
There are still important shortcomings that have to be addressed to convert unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) from a promising tool for biocatalysis into potent applied biocatalysts. Poor levels of heterologous expression have to be overcome, as well as the presence of undesired peroxidase activities, stability issues and oxidative self-inactivation. This project aims at building a profound basis in understanding heme-thiolate peroxygenases from Aspergillus niger and from thermophile Ascomycota (e.g. Myceliophthora thermophila) to the fullest. Digging deep into understanding substrate specificities, inactivation mechanisms, kinetic parameters of various oxyfunctionalization activities, redox potentials, structural constraints, conformational stability, and the identification of reactive intermediates during turnover will pay off to rationalize future engineering approaches.
Research Objectives
understand established catalytic activities
determine all kinetic parameters of turnover and inhibition
assess substrate specificity
minimize/shut down peroxidase activity
connect findings with alternative and innovative H2O2 supply
Methods
Wild-type and mutant proteins will be characterized by a broad set of biochemical/biophysical methods including (i) X-ray crystallography, (ii) detailed spectral analysis (UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance and resonance Raman spectroscopy), and protein-based radicals in different redox- and spin-states (in collaboration with Giulietta SMULEVICH/Federico SEBASTIANI, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Italy), (iii) next to steady-state kinetic investigations, time-resolved multi-mixing UV-vis stopped-flow studies in order to analyze pre-steady-state kinetics, substrate specificities and enzymatic activities.
Main supervisor: Assistant Prof. Stefan Hofbauer
Co-supervisor: Associate Prof. Roland Ludwig, Univ.-Prof. Robert Kourist
Location: BOKU University (Vienna)
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of Project
Background
Polystyrene (PS) is among the most widely used polymers, accounting for one-fifth of globally produced polymers and, in some cases, makes up 30% of the total plastic waste in landfills.[1] It is characterized by a high chemical stability, making biological degradation difficult. Currently, PS is considered as non-biodegradable. However, hydroquinone peroxidase derived from the lignin-degrading bacterium Azotobacter beijerinckii was shown to facilitate the breakdown of PS into low molecular weight fragments when the polymer is dissolved in a solvent in a two-phase system.[2] This finding suggests that enzymatic degradation is a viable approach for addressing the environmental impact of PS waste.
Aims / Hypotheses
The main goal of this project is to engineer hydroquinone peroxidases to increase their ability to break down polystyrene. To this end, an effective screening system will be developed. Hydroquinone peroxidase from Azotobacter beijerinckii and homologous enzymes will be initially analyzed to assess their catalytic performance. Product profiles, substrate spectra and degradation kinetics will be measured to establish a baseline for enzyme performance and efficacy. A key objective of the project is to enhance the localization of the enzyme by generating chimeras that combine the hydroquinone peroxidase with a dedicated binding domain, which was previously optimized for PS binding.[3] This construct will spatially localize the enzyme activity at the interface between the PS and water phase, thus increasing enzyme-substrate interaction and eliminating the need for solvents. A fluorometric assay using PS-specific fluorophores will be developed to enable the monitoring of the degradation process. This assay will be integrated into a high-throughput screening system, in which PS will be coated as transparent films on 96-well plates. Enzyme activity will be measured either through the quantitative binding of the fluorophore after enzyme treatment or the release of fluorophores co-immobilized within the PS film.
Ancestral peroxidases will be generated through ancestral sequence reconstruction, aiming to identify more robust variants with enhanced degradation capabilities. Using posterior probability scores from the best-performing ancestral variants, combinatorial libraries containing 1,000 to 5,000 variants will be created. The libraries will be screened with the aim of identifying enzymes with enhanced thermal stability, redox stability, and overall enzymatic activity. The resulting data will not only offer insights into the structure-function relationship of the biocatalysts but will also provide training data for AI-assisted models to optimize enzyme performance further.
Once promising enzyme variants are identified, laboratory-scale experiments will be conducted to test the integration of the engineered enzyme system into industrially relevant settings.
Methods
Recombinant production of extant and ancestral proteins
GC, GC-MS to determine product profiles
Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for determination of degradation kinetics (collaboration with Rupert Kargl)
PS coating on 96-well plates and establishing a high-throughput assay (with Rupert Kargl)
[1] Tournier et al., Chem Rev 2023; 10;123
[2] Nakamiya et al., J. Ferment. Bioeng 1997; 84:14
[3] Rübsam et al., Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:321
Main supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Robert Kourist
Location: TU Graz
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of project
The project aims to investigate artificially designed heme-dependent peroxidases and novel bacterial laccases for the hydroxylation of fatty acids. The peroxidases are intended to perform alpha-hydroxylation, however in contrast to known alpha-hydroxylating peroxidases they should lead to the elusive opposite enantiomer in highly optically pure form.
Background
Previous studies on alpha-hydroxylating enzymes (e.g. 10.1039/d3gc04593e) have shown that all of them are mainly (S)-selective. There is no enzyme known yet, to produce exclusively the (R)-enantiomer. Getting the (R)-enantiomer will allow novel options for upgrading fatty acids e.g. as building blocks for polymers or pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, laccases have not been described for the oxidation of fatty acids in the absence of a mediator yet.
Research objectives
Regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of fatty acids using peroxidases and laccases
Identifying stereo-complementary enzymes
Substrate scope of novel bacterial laccases
Methods
Enzyme expression, GC/HPLC analytics also on chiral phase, isolation of products, characterization of product (NMR, MS…), Computational tools (sequence search/ enzyme structures), determination of absolute configuration, if required chemical synthesis of reference material.
Qualifications & Profile requirements
Master’s degree in biocatalysis, organic chemistry, biotechnology, or a related discipline
Hands-on experience with biocatalysis and analytical methods, experience with organic synthesis is of advantage
Know-how of compound and enzyme characterization
Eligible as a graduate student at the University of Graz (Austria) (Klick here for further information)
Proficiency in English (written and oral)
Main supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Wolfgang Kroutil
Co-supervisor(s): Prov.-Doz. Dr. Doris Ribitsch, Assistant Prof. Stefan Hofbauer, Univ.-Prof. Ruth Birner-Grünberger
Location: University of Graz
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of project
The project aims to search for alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) dependent enzymes for the regio- and stereo-selective functionalisation of fatty acids. alpha-KG dependent enzymes will be evaluated for their ability to regio-selectively hydroxylate fatty acids. Subsequently the stereochemistry of the introduced hydroxy will be determined.
Background
Fatty acids can be considered as easily accessible starting material from natural resources. Chemical methods for fatty acid functionalisation lead in general to an (almost) inseparable mixture of products as soon as not only the alpha-position is concerned. Thus, functionalisation at a specific position of the fatty chain, e.g. hydroxylation or even amination, is elusive with chemical means. Nevertheless, also only few biocatalytic examples have been reported. For instance, there is to the best of our knowledge no specific method for hydroxylation at C4 available.
Research Objectives
Regio- and stereoselective functionalisation of fatty acids using alpha-KG enzymes
Investigation of substrate scope
Evaluation of applications for transforming fatty acids to more valuable products
Methods
Enzyme expression, GC/HPLC analytics also on chiral phase, isolation of products, characterization of product (NMR, MS…), Computational tools (sequence search/ enzyme structures), determination of absolute configuration, if required chemical synthesis of reference material.
Qualifications & Profile requirements
Master’s degree in biocatalysis, organic chemistry, biotechnology, or a related discipline
Hands-on experience with biocatalysis and analytical methods, experience with organic synthesis is of advantage
Know-how of compound and enzyme characterization
Eligible as a graduate student at the University of Graz (Austria) (Klick here for further information)
Proficiency in English (written and oral)
Main supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Wolfgang Kroutil
Co-supervisor(s): Univ.-Prof. Chris Oostenbrink, Assistant Prof. Stefan Hofbauer, Univ.-Prof. Ruth Birner-Grünberger
Location: University of Graz
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Enzymes are highly powerful and potent tools in nature. In this project we want to repurpose ROS producing enzymes for potential use in degradation of synthetic polymers. Candidate enzymes will be thoroughly studied to understand their structure function relationship to the fullest in order to have a solid basis for engineering approaches that ultimately yield highly efficient and stable “blockbuster” enzymes.
BackgroundThe degradation of biopolymers requires a suite of specific enzymes secreted by plant biomass degrading microorganisms. For synthetic polymers, especially the difficult to depolymerize polyolefines, like polyethylene or polypropylene, such specific enzymes have not been evolved by organisms yet. Instead of combining a series of enzymes with different activities, the proposed strategy involves enzymes producing reactive compounds that start depolymerization reactions of recalcitrant polymers. Bacterial ROS producing oxidoreductases will act as a starting point in this project.
Aims
In this project, enzymes producing ROS species, hypohalous acids and other radicals will be screened, produced, characterized and engineered. Special focus will be put on the thermal and turnover stability of these “blockbuster” enzymes and various methods will be used to engineer stable producers of highly reactive species. The produced enzymes will be distributed in the COE to be studied with biopolymers in Program 1 and polyolefines in Program 3.
Methods
Genomic-, microorganism- and activity screening methods
Enzyme expression and purification
Biochemical characterization (protein analysis and kinetic measurements)
Protein engineering methods
Application in processes and process engineering
Main supervisor: Assistant Prof. Stefan Hofbauer
Co-supervisor: Associate Prof. Roland Ludwig
Location: BOKU University (Vienna)
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Background
Enzymes as bioelectrocatalysts need to be connected to an electrode. Chemical immobilization methods lead to random orientations of the enzyme on the electrode and deactivation. The oriented immobilization of enzymes in a monolayer can be achieved by peptide or protein sequences/modules that bring the enzymes in productive contact with the electrode.
Aim
In this project, bioelectrocatalysts will be fused with metal-binding peptides or protein binding modules for carbon or redox polymers to immobilize them on electrode materials (e.g. platinum, gold, carbon, redox polymers). For this purpose, metal-binding peptides will be screened by phage display and naturally occurring protein binding modules will be screened and engineered. Candidate Peptides and proteins will be tagged to bioelectrocatalysts for oriented immobilization and the reactions electrochemically investigated.
Methods
Affinity screening (fluorescence microscopy, SPR)
Phage display screening of metal-binding peptides using model metal surfaces
Protein engineering (Rational design) of protein binding modules
Recombinant protein expression and purification
Biochemical and electrochemical characterization
Main supervisor: Prov.-Doz. Dr. Doris Ribitsch
Co-supervisor: Associate Prof. Roland Ludwig
Location: BOKU University (Tulln)
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of project
Development of efficient bio-electrocatalytic systems based on advanced understanding, and engineering, of the functional interactions between enzymes and electrode surfaces; design of enzymes and surfaces for optimized interaction for mediated or direct electron transfer with electrodes
Background
Bio-electrocatalysis is promising to perform chemical transformations with minimal use of reagents and low waste produced. The design of electrochemical reactors often requires that enzyme catalysts are immobilized on the electroactive surfaces of electrodes. Electrode materials (e.g., metals, carbon) are often poorly suitable to provide an interface for interaction with the enzyme catalysts for immobilization. The project aims to deepen the understanding of enzyme interactions with electrode materials in order to enable more efficient engineering of functional bio-interfaces in, and for, electrochemical transformations.
Research Objectives
Exploring and optimizing enzyme interactions with carbon-based electron surfaces
Designing enzymes for improved active adsorption on electrodes
Engineering of enzyme-surface interactions for direct electron transfer
Characterization of enzyme electrodes for mediated and direct electron transfer
Methods
Electrochemical analysis and characterization (e.g., cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy); characterization of enzyme-surface interactions (e.g., atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy); enzyme function assessment on surface and in solution; enzyme engineering (e.g., development of fusion proteins); analysis and characterization of enzyme binding to electrode surfaces; protein biochemistry (expression, purification, stability).
Main supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Bernd Nidetzky
Co-supervisor: Associate Prof. Roland Ludwig
Location: TU Graz
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of project
Enzymes are omnipresent in biological systems and are key components of circular bioengineering efforts. Catalyzing chemical reactions, they invariably are involved in the making and breaking of chemical bonds. Moreover, many of the enzymes that are central to the COE are metalloenzymes or driven by either light or electron transfer. All of these properties require the inclusion of quantum mechanical methods in appropriate in silico descriptions. Arguably, enzymes are most efficiently described by hybrid quantum and classical mechanical approaches (QM/MM). In this project we will further develop the description of QM/MM Hamiltonians using advanced QM methods and machine-learned potentials.
Background
The computaitonal inefficiency of most quantum mechanical methods hamper either a full description of enzymes at the QM level or a sufficiently extensive sampling to describe both enthalpic and entropic effects appropriately. QM/MM approaches offer solutions that combine the best of both worlds. Molecular dynamics simulations can be coupled with a plethora of QM methods, specifically suitable for specific questions. Recently tremendous progress has been made in the use of machine-learned potentials, which learn quantum mechanical interactions from an appropriate training set. The inclusion of these methods in QM/MM settings, furthermore, allows us to resolve interfacial limitations of traditional QM/MM methods. Inclusion of reactivity and enzymatic properties of proteins through electrostatic and dynamics effects are among the next challenges to tackle computationally.
Research Objectives
Description of enzymatic reactions via QM/MM methods
Inclusion of dynamic effects in quantum mechanical descriptions of heme proteins
Inclusion of enzymatic reactivity in machine-learned hybrid QM/MM calculations
Methods
Quantum mechanical calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, Buffer Region Neural Network approach, free-energy calculations
Main supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Chris Oostenbrink
Co-supervisor: Assistant Prof. Stefan Hofbauer
Location: BOKU University (Vienna)
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of project
EcoFusion: Pioneering Light, Air, and Nature for Plastic and PFAS Degradation and Recycling
The goal of this project is to find a new and better way to deal with plastic and PFAS pollution. Right now, we often dispose of plastic in ways that harm the environment. The project suggests a new method to recycle plastics by creating a special enzyme that uses light, and air to break down plastics and PFAS in water. The primary aim of this project is to discover an improved method for upcycling these plastics and PFAS into valuable materials, aligning with the concept of a sustainable and closed-loop society. The innovative aspect of this initiative involves the utilization of specialized proteins capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light exposure. These proteins are affixed to additional elements to facilitate sticking to plastic surfaces. This unique approach targets microplastics and aims to solve the pollution problem.
Background
The group has experience with flavin enzymes and with the analysis of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the group has gained experience in surface analytics of plastics and the analysis of degradation products by NMR and MS/MS methods.
Research Objectives
Design and production of plastic and PFAS degrading enzymes.
Analysis of the degradation products and elucidation of degradation mechanism.
Utilization of the degradation products for the productions of novel chemicals.
Methods
Selection of potential enzyme candidates for the degradation of plastic and PFAS.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli and subsequent isolation, purification and characterization of these enzymes.
Testing on their degradation activities.
Main supervisor: Associate Prof. Florian Rudroff
Co-supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Katharina Schröder
Location: TU Wien (Vienna)
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
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Background
In today's industrialized world, technical waste streams, containing diverse compounds, such as metal ions, microplastics, and very different organic molecules, are generated at an unprecedented rate. These waste streams, if not managed effectively, contribute to environmental pollution and resource depletion. Upcycling of these technical waste streams offers a viable solution to mitigate environmental impact while maximizing resource efficiency. By repurposing and transforming discarded materials into valuable products, upcycling helps to reduce landfill waste, lower carbon emissions, and promote a circular economy. Upcycling technical waste streams not only conserves natural resources but also opens up economic opportunities by creating new value-added products from discarded materials.
In this project very different liquid and gaseous waste streams, from food industry, biorefinery (in collaboration with Katharina Schröder), syngas production, as well as gasification, will be tested for their suitability to be used as substrates/growth medium for a variety of different microorganisms (cyanobacteria, Archaea, yeasts, bacteria). Based on spent media analyses, physiological strain characterization as well as Redox proteomics (in collaboration with Ruth Birner-Grünberger), strains will be either metabolically engineered (in collaboration with Matthias Steiger) or respective bioprocesses will be designed. Depending on the microorganism, value generation will be assessed (e.g. water remediation, native cell constituents, use as feed or fertilizer) and recombinant strains will be generated to increase value generation (in collaboration with Florian Rudroff). The overall goal is to make use of the wealth of microbial diversity to upcycle different liquid and gaseous industrial waste streams.
Research Objectives
What are different industrial waste streams composed of? What is the batch-to-batch variability? What is a proper analytical concept to assess the respective composition (PAT)?
Which microorganisms can use the contained energy source, nitrogen and phosphate, as well as trace elements?
How does the redox proteome change for the different microorganisms grown on defined media vs. these waste streams?
How can the organisms be engineered to make use of the waste streams?
How can the respective bioprocesses be designed to be efficient and as sustainable as possible?
What is a suitable PAT strategy to allow scalable and reproducible bioprocesses?
How does the environmental footprint compare to state-of-the-art bioprocesses?
Can these bioprocesses be described in models?
Can these bioprocesses by intensified to further decrease the environmental footprint – even model-based?
Methods
Analysis of waste stream composition (HPLC, IC, GC)
Bioreactor cultivations in batch, fed-batch and continuous mode (scale 0.1-10 L)
Series of analytical technologies (e.g. HPLC, spectroscopy, protein analytics, analyses for physiology, viability, productivity, etc)
OMICs fingerprints of selected samples in collaboration with Ruth Birner-Grünberger
Strain engineering in collaboration with Matthias Steiger
Data evaluation and interpretation
Bioprocess modeling
Main supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Oliver Spadiut
Co-supervisor: Assistant Prof. Matthias Steiger, Univ.-Prof. Ruth Birner-Grünberger
Location: TU Wien (Vienna)
Submission Deadline: 31.03.2025
Postdoc positions
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Description of Project
Background
Hydrophobic pockets often play a decisive part in the mechanisms underlying the selectivity of enzymes. Yet, the interactions between hydrophobic substrates and the highly dynamic hydrophobic surfaces of these catalytic motifs are still poorly understood, making a control of selectivity by rational design exceedingly difficult. The project deals with the role of hydrophobic pockets in the catalytic mechanism of two oxidoreductases that find application for the selective conversion of biobased, hydrophobic molecules.
Borneol dehydrogenases (BDH) can be used for the kinetic resolution of racemic bicyclic monoterpenols. Here we investigate the evolutionary emergency by the comparison of ancestors BDHs with either very high or very low enantioselectivity in the oxidation of the monoterpenol borneol.
Bacterial alkane monooxygenase catalyzes the terminal hydroxylation of alkanes. The enzyme has been applied a cascade-reaction for the synthesis of omega-amino lauric acid methyl ester, and for various aliphatic lactones. The Kourist group demonstrated that this enzyme is highly stereoselective towards branched-chain esters, which can be used for the synthesis of chiral lactones and diols from inexpensive precursor molecules. In preliminary work, mutants with higher activity were identified.
Aims / Hypotheses
The project aims to investigate the effect of amino acid substitutions in the hydrophobic active-site cavities of both enzymes on catalytic properties. Furthermore, the influence of peripheral amino acids on catalysis is investigated.
Method
Phylogeny and ancestor reconstruction
Recombinant production of ancestral proteins and extant enzymes and study of their stereoselectivity
Rational protein design
Molecular Dynamics simulations (in collaboration with Lynn Kamerlin)
Collaboration with Oostenbrink will focus on MD simulations of membrane-enzymes. The feasibility of mechanistic modeling will be tested.
Investigation of redox stability of AlkB with Birner-Grünberger
In the long term, we plan to develop a methodology to characterize fitness landscapes of these enzymes by coupling of high-throughput screens and deep sequencing of libraries.
Main supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Robert Kourist
Co-supervisors: Univ.-Prof. Ruth Birner-Grünberger, Univ.-Prof. Chris Oostenbrink
Location: TU Graz
Duration: 30 months
Submission deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of Project
Background: Photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria provide both reduction equivalents and O2 in situ avoiding limitations due to concentration gradients for these essential co-substrates. Oxygen mass-transfer across the gas-liquid barrier is a severe limitation of biotechnological C-H oxyfunctionaliation. In whole-cell biocatalysts generated from heterotrophic organisms, respiration competes with the enzymatic oxyfunctionalization reaction and consumes a large part of the oxygen provided. This limitation is particularly severe for continuous processes.
Aims / Hypotheses
We hypothesize that combining photosynthetic in situ oxyfunctionalization with oxygen permeable membranes will significantly improve the volumetric productivity of enzymatic oxyfunctionalization reactions, such as camphor hydroxylation (Figure 1) and Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases. The principle behind this approach is to replace oxygen-consuming heterotrophic cells with net-oxygen producing cells. We assume that the photosynthetic oxygen supply alone will be insufficient to achieve high oxygen concentrations, leading to oxygen-limited systems. Therefore, membranes permeable to gases such as PDMS will be used to provide additional oxygen. By redox proteomics, we aim to investigate the effect of redox stress at different oxygen concentrations and different electron-depletion rates in order to identify physiological bottlenecks of the reaction.
Method
Establishment of whole-cell biocatalysts using cyanobacterial strains such as Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901 expressing the genes of CYP450 monooxygenases and Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases
Investigation of mutants strains from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus 11901 with improved oxygen evolution
Proof of the incorporation of photosynthetically produced oxygen into the substrate structure by using 18-O water
Investigation of redox stress during whole-cell biotransformations by redox proteomics (with Birner-Grünberger)
Development of continuous illuminated photobioreactors with control of light-intensity and using oxygen-permeable membranes (with Kratzer).
Main supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Robert Kourist
Co-supervisors: Univ.-Prof. Ruth Birner-Grünberger, Associate Prof. Regina Kratzer
Location: TU Graz
Duration: 30 months
Submission deadline: 31.03.2025
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Background: Enzymes have superior turnover rates and selectivity as biocatalysts. The focus of this project is to connect synthetically useful oxidoreductases to electrodes. The fusion of protein electron mediators such as cytochromes to enzymes can provide this connection and form useful bioelectrocatalysts. A variety of redox proteins and enzymes with relevance to the COE will be used for engineering, characterization and optimization.
Aims: Connect dehydrogenases, oxidases, etc. to electrodes using electrons as oxidation or reduction equivalents. Investigate the electrochemical in situ production of cosubstrates such as H2O2 or coenzyme regeneration to establish electrochemical flow processes.
Methods: Structure- and model-based protein engineering, recombinant protein expression, electrochemical characterization of fusion enzymes, electrochemical flow-reactors
Main supervisor: Associate Prof. Roland Ludwig
Location: BOKU University (Vienna)
Duration: 24 months
Submission deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of project
Regioselective oxidation of sugars derived from renewable resources is promising to provide new building blocks for functional chemicals and polymers. One such sugar is the disaccharide sucrose that can be oxidized enzymatically at the glucose C3. The project aims at the development of a scalable process for efficient enzymatic C3 oxidation of different sugars, starting with sucrose. The oxidation is performed by a multi-enzymatic cascade or by a single enzyme whose reaction is driven electrochemically. Each type of transformation is evaluated and the metrics of process efficiency are used in sustainability assessment.
Research Objectives
Reaction set-ups for transformations in biocatalytic cascade and by bioelectrochemistry
Analysis, optimization and scale up of reactions
Assessment and comparison of reaction metrics for each transformation
Sustainability assessment
Methods
Advanced methods of enzyme technology and biocatalysis in experiment and modeling (e.g., reaction kinetics, process modeling); reaction engineering and optimization; analytics of sugars (e.g., HPLC, NMR).
Main supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Bernd Nidetzky
Co-supervisors: Univ.-Prof. Wolfgang Kroutil
Location: TU Graz
Duration: 48 months
Submission deadline: 31.03.2025
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The Challenge
With humanity´s increasingly negative impact on our planet the call for more sustainable industrial processes gets louder and louder. With their unique metabolism requiring only light, CO2 and few nutrients, cyanobacteria present a promising opportunity to produce a variety of industrially important compounds. Food additives, biofuels and pharmaceuticals can be synthesized in cyanobacteria without the use of toxic solvents or the addition of expansive feedstock for fermentation processes. However, to establish cyanobacteria as industrially competitive biocatalytic host, severe challenges must be overcome. Among others, these challenges include slow doubling times, unpredictable heterologous protein expression and few possible chemical transformations which are mostly limited to redox reactions.
Methods
In this project we will develop cyanobacteria as a broadly applicable biocatalytic platform. We will first optimize the transformation efficiency of two fast-growing strains comparing different transformation methods. Based on those results we will select one strain and one transformation method for all further experiments. To broaden the biocatalytic scope of cyanobacteria we will generate an extensive plasmid library including 20 enzymes catalyzing chemically diverse reactions. Expression will be controlled by combinations of gene-regulatory elements (GREs) including promoters, ribosome binding sites and terminators. A fluorescence-based “sort and sequencing” approach will be used to determine which combinations of GREs results in optimal enzyme expression. Bioinformatic analyses will shed light on cyanobacterial gene-regulatory mechanisms. Using the optimized expression conditions, we will then perform single-step biocatalytic model reactions for each enzyme.
The Innovation
In this project we will establish cyanobacteria as industrially competitive biocatalytic host broadening the scope towards many mechanistically diverse enzymatic biotransformations. Simultaneously, we will gain a deeper understanding of gene regulatory mechanisms that will serve as a starting point to predict protein expression in cyanobacteria.
Main supervisor: Associate Prof. Florian Rudroff
Co-supervisors: Univ.-Prof. Ruth Birner-Grünberger, Univ.-Prof. Oliver Spadiut
Location: TU Wien (Vienna)
Duration: up to 36 months
Submission deadline: 31.03.2025
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Background
In today's industrialized world, technical waste streams, containing diverse compounds, such as metal ions, microplastics, and very different organic molecules, are generated at an unprecedented rate. These waste streams, if not managed effectively, contribute to environmental pollution and resource depletion. Upcycling of these technical waste streams offers a viable solution to mitigate environmental impact while maximizing resource efficiency. By repurposing and transforming discarded materials into valuable products, upcycling helps to reduce landfill waste, lower carbon emissions, and promote a circular economy. Upcycling technical waste streams not only conserves natural resources but also opens up economic opportunities by creating new value-added products from discarded materials.
In this project very different liquid and gaseous waste streams, from food industry, biorefinery (in collaboration with Katharina Schröder), syngas production, as well as gasification, will be tested for their suitability to be used as substrates/growth medium for a variety of different microorganisms (cyanobacteria, Archaea, yeasts, bacteria). Based on spent media analyses, physiological strain characterization as well as Redox proteomics (in collaboration with Ruth Birner-Grünberger), strains will be either metabolically engineered (in collaboration with Matthias Steiger) or respective bioprocesses will be designed. Depending on the microorganism, value generation will be assessed (e.g. water remediation, native cell constituents, use as feed or fertilizer) and recombinant strains will be generated to increase value generation (in collaboration with Florian Rudroff). The overall goal is to make use of the wealth of microbial diversity to upcycle different liquid and gaseous industrial waste streams.
Research Objectives
What are different industrial waste streams composed of? What is the batch-to-batch variability? What is a proper analytical concept to assess the respective composition (PAT)?
Which microorganisms can use the contained energy source, nitrogen and phosphate, as well as trace elements?
How does the redox proteome change for the different microorganisms grown on defined media vs. these waste streams?
How can the organisms be engineered to make use of the waste streams?
How can the respective bioprocesses be designed to be efficient and as sustainable as possible?
What is a suitable PAT strategy to allow scalable and reproducible bioprocesses?
How does the environmental footprint compare to state-of-the-art bioprocesses?
Can these bioprocesses be described in models?
Can these bioprocesses by intensified to further decrease the environmental footprint – even model-based?
Methods
Analysis of waste stream composition (HPLC, IC, GC)
Bioreactor cultivations in batch, fed-batch and continuous mode (scale 0.1-10 L)
Series of analytical technologies (e.g. HPLC, spectroscopy, protein analytics, analyses for physiology, viability, productivity, etc)
OMICs fingerprints of selected samples in collaboration with Ruth Birner-Grünberger
Strain engineering in collaboration with Matthias Steiger
Data evaluation and interpretation
Bioprocess modeling
Main supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Oliver Spadiut
Co-supervisors: Assistant Prof. Matthias Steiger, Univ.-Prof. Ruth Birner-Grünberger
Location: TU Wien (Vienna)
Duration: up to 36 months
Submission deadline: 31.03.2025
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Description of project
This project focuses on redox-neutral biocatalytic transformations using alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) to efficiently synthesize chiral lactones, which are valuable building blocks for pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and polymers. By leveraging computational methods, we aim to tailor ADH catalytic activity for asymmetric hydroacylation reactions with broad substrate scope and high selectivity.
Background
The biocatalytic redox transformation of carbonyl compounds can be achieved by nicotinamide-dependent ADHs. The Hall lab has pioneered an ADH-catalyzed disproportionation of aromatic dialdehydes, allowing intramolecular nicotinamide recycling and eliminating the need for stoichiometric NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H. This interconnected cascade couples oxidation and reduction to form lactones in a self-sufficient, redox-neutral manner.
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0CC02509G; https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00903A
Aim
Building on this concept, we aim to establish a stereocomplementary biocatalytic platform for the sustainable synthesis of chiral lactones. To achieve high chemo-, stereo- and atroposelectivity, protein engineering methods, supported by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, will be required to redesign the selected ADHs and tailor the selectivity toward the targeted products. Key milestones include:
Mechanistic understanding of the individual steps of the disproportionation
Identification of the molecular determinants for selectivity
Accessing variants with tailored selectivity for a set of lactone products.
Qualifications & Profile requirements:
PhD in biocatalysis, biotechnology, molecular biology, or related fields
Proficiency in the use of computational tools applicable to enzyme structure and mechanism, molecular docking and/or molecular dynamics simulations
Hands-on expertise in protein expression and purification
Previous experience with protein engineering methods will be an asset
Interest in sustainability in the context of organic synthesis
Strong command of English (written and oral)
Main supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Mélanie Hall
Co-supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Chris Oostenbrink
Location: University of Graz (Heinrichstrasse 28, Graz, Austria)
Duration: 24 months (40 h/week)
Submission deadline: 31.03.2025